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Anglais 2018 EPL/S

Rappel des consignes

-La durée de l'épreuve est de 2h.

-Les extraits ci dessous abordent des thèmes divers tirés de l’actualité. Pour chaque phrase numérotée, remplissez le formulaire avec le mot ou l’expression correcte.

-Chaque question ne comporte qu’une seule bonne réponse. En 2018, il n’y avait pas de pénalité en cas de mauvaise réponse.


Solutions proposées par Clarence Benoist, co-autrice des ouvrages suivants :

Annales corrigées du concours ENAC EPL/S Annales corrigées du concours ENAC GSEA/TSEEAC

Dachau concentration camp gate found two years after it was stolen

An iron gate with the 1) "Arbeit macht frei" (work will set you free) that was stolen from the former Nazi concentration camp in Dachau two years ago 2) found in Norway, police say.

"Due to an anonymous tipoff, police in Norway’s Bergen have secured an iron gate with the well-known text," Bavaria state police said on Friday. "3) the picture transmitted, police believe it is highly likely that this is the iron gate that was stolen from Dachau."

The theft of the 100kg (2201B) gate was reported on 2 November 2014, sparking uproar, with Germany’s chancellor, Angela Merkel, 4) it "appalling".

The Dachau camp, just a few miles from Munich, opened in 1933, less than two months after Adolf Hitler 5) chancellor. It was first used to incarcerate political prisoners, but 6) the second world war it became a death camp where more than 41,000 Jews were slaughtered before US troops 7) it on 29 April 1945.

Another sign with the same inscription at Auschwitz was stolen in 2009. The mastermind of that theft, the Swedish neo-Nazi Anders Hôgstrôm, was caught and 8) for two-and-a-half years.

The metal sign was 9) recovered cut up into three pieces. A replica was displayed above the entrance 10) it was restored in 2011.


Four of world’s biggest cities to ban diesel cars from their centres

Four of the world’s biggest cities are to ban diesel vehicles from their centres 11) the next decade, as a means of tackling air pollution, with campaigners urging other city leaders to follow 12) .

The mayors of Paris, Madrid, Athens and Mexico City announced plans on Friday to take diesel cars and vans off 13) roads by 2025.

Anne Hidalgo, mayor of Paris, led the initiative at the C40 conference of mayors on climate change, 14) place in Mexico this week. She said: "Mayors have already stood up to say that climate change is one of the greatest challenges we 15) . Today, we also stand up to say we no longer tolerate air pollution and the health problems and deaths it causes, particularly for our 16) vulnerable citizens."

"Soot from diesel vehicles is among the big contributors to ill health and global warming," added Helena Molin Valdés, head of the United Nations’ climate and clean air coalition, noting that 17) than nine out of 10 people around the globe live where air pollution exceeds World Health Organisation safety limits.

Miguel Angel Mancera, mayor of Mexico City, said increasing investments in public transport 18) also help clean the city’s air, and 19) greenhouse gas emissions. Giorgos Kaminis, mayor of Athens, said his goal was to 20) all cars from the city centre. The city authorities will also work with national governments and manufacturers, and promote electric vehicles and cleaner transport.


The 11.7-year itch: How marriage is lasting longer as divorce rates plunge

Some might say it just seems longer. But 21) figures suggest that British marriages really are lasting longer than a generation ago. The latest analysis from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows that divorce - 22) measured as a rate and a total number - fell to the 23) level for 40 years in 2014.

Overall 111,169 couples in England and Wales divorced in 2014, a fall of 3.1 per cent in a year and as much as 27 per cent in just over a decade. The divorce rate has also dropped 24) around 30 per cent in a decade, for both men and women, to reach 9.3 per thousand married people. It continues a downward trend seen in 25) years.

Divorce lawyers and analysts said the fall 26) divorce rates appears, perhaps ironically, to reflect the overall shift away from marriage, with more couples choosing to cohabit at least initially. The argument is that those who do then marry are more 27) to stay together.

One family lawyer said cohabitation appeared to be operating as a form of "natural selection" for relationships, with only the fittest surviving into marriage and 28) .

And 29) to the latest figures, even those marriages which ultimately end in divorce are lasting longer than in the past. The median duration of such a marriage 30) at 11.7 years in 2014, compared with 9.6 years in 1995 and 8.9 years a decade before that.


End of the supermarket queue? Amazon opens shop with no tills or cashiers

Long queues at the supermarket could soon become a 31) memory after Amazon unveiled a grocery store without tills or barcode scanners. The internet retailer has opened a grocery store in 32) shoppers only have to scan their smartphone upon entry, with purchases automatically charged to a credit card when they leave the store.

The shop has a network of CCTV cameras and pressure sensors to detect when visitors have taken something off the shelves, at which point it 33) to their virtual shopping basket. When they exit the store, their purchases are charged directly to the shopper’s online Amazon account, 34) the need to wait at the till.

The company said the "Amazon Go" stores 35) in development for four years. It has opened the first outlet - an 1,800 square foot food store near its Seattle headquarters. The shops use machine vision technology to identify which shoppers take which items. When something is taken off a shelf, a pressure sensor is activated and cameras in the store identify which shopper 36) the product in question.

Unlike the pressure sensors at many hotel minibars, which charge people as soon as they are triggered, consumers 37) remove an item from their basket and put it back on the shelf without being charged. To prevent shoplifters, the store has gates on the front, and shoppers must scan a code with a smartphone app to 38) entry.

39) best known for online retail, Amazon has opened a number of bricks and mortar bookstores in the US in recent years. The "Go" store is currently open only to Amazon employees but 40) open to the public next year.


Children’s headphones may carry risk of hearing loss

These days, even 3-year-olds wear headphones, and 41) the holidays approach, retailers are well stocked with brands that claim to be "safe for young cars" or to deliver "100 percent safe listening." The devices limit the volume at which sound can be played; parents rely on them to prevent children 42) blasting, say, Rihanna at hazardous levels that could lead to hearing loss.

But a new 43) by The Wirecutter, a product recommendations website owned by The New York Times, has found that half of 30 sets of children’s headphones tested did not restrict volume to the promised limit. The worst headphones produced sound 44) loud that it could be hazardous to ears in minutes.

"These are terribly important findings," said Cory Portnuff, a pediatric audiologist at the University of Colorado Hospital who was not involved in the analysis. "45) are making claims that aren’t accurate.

The new analysis should be a 46) call to parents who thought volume-limiting technology offered 47) protection, said Dr. Blake Papsin, the chief otolaryngologist at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. "Headphone manufacturers aren’t interested in the health of your child’s ears," he said. "They are interested in selling products, and some of them are not 48) for you."

Half of eight to twelve-year-olds listen to music daily, and nearly two thirds of teenagers do the same, according to a 2015 report with more than 2,600 49) . Safe listening is a function of both volume and duration: The louder a sound, the 50) time you should listen to it. It’s not a linear relationship. Eighty decibels is twice as loud as 70 decibels, and 90 decibels is four times louder.


Angela Merkel calls for ban on full-face veils in Germany

To loud applause, Chancellor Angela Merkel told her party members on Tuesday that Germany should ban full-face veils "wherever legally possible" and that it 51) not tolerate any application of Shariah law over German justice.

Accepting her party’s 52) as its candidate for another four-year term, the chancellor used the moment to broaden her stance on banning the veil, trying to deflect challenges from far-right forces that have made some of their deepest gains 53) World War II.

In welcoming nearly one million asylum seekers to Germany a year ago, Ms. Merkel 54) as a powerful voice for tolerance across a Europe gripped by anxiety over 55) of arriving migrants and fears of terrorism.

Now, as anti-immigrant parties have advanced at the 56) of mainstream parties, including her own, Ms. Merkel tried a tricky balancing act between holding fast to western values and tilting farther right to 57) being outflanked by populist challengers. In the 80 minute 58) , she repeated the same catalog of beliefs in freedom and equal treatment she had made as an implicit criticism of President-elect Donald J . Trump, but also stiffened her position on the veil and suggested that Germany would be more cautious in 59) migrants in the future.

In a clear nod to criticism that the state had appeared to lose control over its 60) , the chancellor opened her speech to the annual conference of her Christian Democratic Union with a promise that such a situation "cannot be repeated."


Brexit deadlock could halt flights to Europe, warns Ryanair boss

Political deadlock over Brexit could halt flights between the UK and Europe, according to the chief executive of Ryanair, 61) warned that Britain’s aviation industry is being "walked off a cliff’ by the government. Michael O’Leary said that "mildly lunatic optimism" on the 62) of the government was masking the risks the UK faced from leaving the EU, with an assumption that it could quickly negotiate new bilateral agreements.

O’Leary said it was a "plausible risk" that no bilateral deal for the airline industry would be 63) in time. "Everyone is underestimating in the UK the political situation in Europe. You can see a set of 64) on the day of Brexit when nobody is flying between the UK and Europe. Even interim arrangements have to be 65) by the European parliament."

At the Airport Operators Association conference in London, O’Leary lambasted ministers for acting "like Dad’s Army". He said: "These guys have no idea 66) they’re going for the next two years and the problem is that in the absence of any discussions with the Europeans on Brexit they’re all talking to themselves. "They haven’t got a 67) . There is no prospect of an interim deal. "If you listen to the Germans, the Dutch or the French you’re going to get screwed into the floor."

Speaking on Monday at the conference, transport secretary Chris Grayling 68) an assurance that aviation would be "prioritised" in Brexit negotiations. But O’Leary said that a meeting last week between industry leaders, including Ryanair, the Brexit minister David Davis and aviation minister Lord Ahmad, had confirmed his 69) for the sector. "The European airports have seen this as an opportunity to win more business away from the UK. 70) significant change the UK is going to walk itself off a cliff."


Dozens dead and many missing after quake strikes Aceh province

Many buildings have been flattened and almost 100 people killed after an undersea earthquake struck 71) the coast of Aceh province in northern Indonesia, the site of the 72) quake and tsunami in 2004. Residents were sent 73) into the streets after the 6.5-magnitude quake struck at about 5am local time (10pm GMT Tuesday), and remain reluctant to return home amid fears of 74) .

The US Geological Survey 75) the quake at a depth of just 8.2km, 19km south-east of the coastal town of Sigli. Buildings shook in the provincial capital Banda Aceh. No tsunami warning was issued, but at least five aftershocks 76) in the hours after the initial quake, the Indonesian disaster management agency said.

The death toll began at 25 and continued to 77) throughout Wednesday. At 4pm local time, Aceh army chief Major General Tatang Sulaiman said the toll 78) to 97 as more bodies were pulled from the rubble.

Indonesian search and 79) teams used earth movers to clear debris, pulling at least four people out of the wreckage alive. Maj Gen Sulaiman said another "four or five" remained under the rubble, though it was unclear 80) they were alive or dead. Earlier Khairul Nova, an official at the Aceh search and rescue agency, said: "Dozens are missing but we don’t have accurate data on the total yet." Acch, on the northern tip of Sumatra island, was devastated by a massive 9.2-magnitude earthquake and tsunami centred on its western coast near the provincial capital, Banda Aceh, on 26 December 2004.


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